Ballast Keel Installation

Boatbuilder Alex Hadden and friend John Peterson provided essential help getting the ballast keel moved under the boat, positioned for keel bolt holes to be bored, and then bedded and bolted in position. Great care is necessary in moving a keel weighing more than 1200 lbs., and jacking and nudging it into position. Both Alex and John had prior experience doing this sort of thing.

The first step involved moving the keel from its position outside the shed to directly under the boat. Tools at hand included pieces of pipe to use as rollers, strips of plywood to support the rollers, John’s tractor with a front-end loader, ratcheting straps, and some hydraulic jacks. To make space under the hull, we moved stacks of cribbing as far forward and aft as we could manage, and used jack stands to keep the hull upright.

Cribbing under Justine’s keel plank was moved sufficiently forward and aft to enable moving the ballast keel under the hull from the starboard side.

The bucket on John’s tractor was able to lift one end of the keel so we could get rollers under it, and using a strap we pulled the keel out to the front of the shed. This was easy, as the pitch was slightly downhill. By adjusting the angle of the keel’s position on the rollers, we could steer it reasonably well.

John Peterson’s tractor was used to pull and push the ballast keel into the boat shed. Here we used pieces of galvanized iron pipe as rollers to make the keel easier to move.

We were able to push the keel up the slight incline into the shed, then lift it with the hydraulic jacks and pivot it into position under the boat without disturbing the cribbing.

John and Alex are discussing the best way to lift the ballast keel up into position. Alex brought his floor jack to help with the heavy lifting. The keel’s aft end has already been raised onto a 6×6.

The centerboard slot in the ballast keel needs to be aligned with the slot in the keel plank. We used pieces of lumber about 1 1/8″ thick, spanning the slot in both parts to guide the keel into position as we raised it with jacks. With the ballast keel contacting the keel plank for the first time, it became apparent that the fit was good, but would be improved if a bit of the ballast keel were shaved away. So we lowered the keel and John and I pared it down using a block plane and rasp.

The ballast keel has been brought into position against the keel plank. Short pieces of lumber were inserted through the slot in the ballast keel and up into the centerboard to facilitate alignment. John and I planed and filed the top of the ballast keel to eliminate most of the gap you see between the ballast keel and keel plank.

Holes for the keel bolts had been drilled in Justine‘s floors before they were even riveted to the frames, and acted as reliable guides for extending the holes down through the ballast keel. Keel bolts are 3/8″ and 1/2″ diameter, and lead is very soft, so it requires drilling at low speed and using kerosene or something similar as a lubricant. The holes drilled were up to 8″ long.

Ballast keel in position, ready to fasten. A large wooden piece called the deadwood will fill the wedge-shaped opening on the left.

After drilling for the keel bolts, the keel was lowered once more, drill shavings cleaned up, the upper surface of the ballast keel was coated with a layer of asphalt roofing cement, a layer of canvas, and a final layer of roofing cement. (The roofing cement and canvas act as a gasket to keep the joint from leaking.) The same process was used in fitting the deadwood.

One layer of asphalt roofing cement has been applied to the top of the keel, and a piece of canvas with oversize holes for the keel bolts and centerboard slot laid on top. It’s ready for another layer of roofing cement before being bolted on to the hull.

We then bolted the ballast keel in place using silicon bronze carriage bolts I forged from bronze rod.

Keel bolts are inserterd from underneath the ballast keel, through the keel plank and floors. Each gets a washer, lock washer, and nut to secure them. Single bolts are used at stations 10 and 12 (visible in the upper part of the photo), and pairs of bolts are used at stations 14 (visible) and 16 on both sides of the centerboard trunk. Additional bolts will be installed when the deadwood goes in.

Bedding the keel with roofing cement is messy, particularly containing and cleaning up the squeeze-out as the keel bolts are tightened. The roofing cement continues to ooze out for several days. But there’s a great sense of accomplishment once those keel bolts are in place!